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Tahmasp

(Encyclopedia) TahmaspTahmasptäˈmäsp [key], 1514–76, shah of Persia (1524–76), son and successor of Ismail and the second of the Safavid dynasty. He successfully repulsed persistent invasions by the…

Cadorna, Luigi

(Encyclopedia) Cadorna, LuigiCadorna, Luigil&oomacr;ēˈjē kädôrˈnä [key], 1850–1928, Italian field marshal. His father, Raffaele Cadorna, was a general in the wars of the Risorgimento and took…

Brenner Pass

(Encyclopedia) Brenner PassBrenner Passbrĕˈnər [key], Ital. Brennero, Alpine pass, 4,495 ft (1,370 m) high, connecting Innsbruck, Austria, with Bolzano, Italy. The lowest of the principal Alpine…

Brindisi

(Encyclopedia) Brindisi Brindisi brēnˈdēzē [key], Latin Brundisium, city, capital of Brindisi prov…

Munro, Alice

(Encyclopedia) Munro, Alice, 1931–, Canadian writer, b. Wingham, Ont., as Alice Ann Laidlaw. Much acclaimed as one of the finest contemporary short-story writers, Munro is known for quiet,…

Dalí, Salvador

(Encyclopedia) Dalí, SalvadorDalí, Salvadorsälväthōrˈ dälēˈ, däˈlē [key], 1904–89, Spanish painter. At first influenced by futurism, in 1924 Dalí came under the influence of the Italian painter de…

Richard Milhous Nixon

Born: 1/9/1913Birthplace: Yorba Linda, Calif. Richard Milhous Nixon was born in Yorba Linda, Calif., on Jan. 9, 1913, to Midwestern-bred parents, Francis A. and Hannah Milhous Nixon, who raised…

E-H

Marian Wright EdelmanJohn EdwardsJohn EhrlichmanMamie Geneva Doud EisenhowerEleanor of AquitaineJoycelyn Jones EldersDaniel EllsbergOlaudah EquianoMarch Fong EuDonald EvansMedgar EversMyrlie Evers-…

Acknowledgments

The first five editions of The Columbia Encyclopedia were published in 1935, 1950, 1963, 1975, and 1993. All editions owe a debt of gratitude to Clark Fisher Ansley, the editor of the first edition,…

communism

(Encyclopedia) communism, fundamentally, a system of social organization in which property (especially real property and the means of production) is held in common. Thus, the ejido system of the…