(Encyclopedia) KanemKanemkänēmˈ [key], former empire in Africa in the areas near Lake Chad that are now part of Chad and N Nigeria. The empire began in the 9th cent., when the Sefawa migrated to the…
(Encyclopedia) HudHudh&oomacr;d [key], a pre-Qur'anic prophet of Islam. Hud unsuccessfully exhorted his South Arabian people, the Ad, to worship the One God. The Qur'an mentions that their…
(Encyclopedia) Farid ad-Din AttarFarid ad-Din Attarfärēdˈ äd-dēn ät-tärˈ [key], 1142?–1220?, b. Nishapur, Persia, one of the greatest Sufi mystic poets of Islam. His masterpiece is the Mantiq ut-Tair…
(Encyclopedia) Songhai or SonghaySonghaiboth: sŏngˈgīˈ [key], largest of the former empires in the western Sudan region of N Africa. The state was founded (c.700) by Berbers on the Middle Niger, in…
U.S. Department of State Background Note Index: People History Government Political Conditions Economy Foreign Relations U.S.-Iranian Relations PEOPLEThe 1979 Islamic revolution and the 1980-…
(Encyclopedia) AssassinAssassinəsăsˈĭn [key], European name for the member of a secret order of the Ismaili sect of Islam. They are known as Nizaris after Nizar ibn al-Mustansir, whom they supported…
(Encyclopedia) heaven, blissful upper realm or state entered after death; in Western monotheistic religions it is the place where the just see God face to face (sometimes called the beatific vision…
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U.S. Department of State Background Note Index: People History Economy Defense Foreign Relations PEOPLESudan's population is one of the most diverse on the African continent. There are two…