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Mâle, Émile

(Encyclopedia)Mâle, Émile āmēlˈ mäl [key], 1862–1954, French art historian. Mâle pioneered the study of French art of the Middle Ages, its forms, and especially the Eastern sources of sculptural iconograph...

Malte-Brun, Conrad

(Encyclopedia)Malte-Brun, Conrad kônˈräᵺ mälˈtə-bro͞onˌ, Fr. mältə-brôNˈ [key], 1775–1826, Danish geographer, b. Jutland but later settled in Paris; originally named Malthe Konrad Bruun. He is respo...

Lurçat, Jean

(Encyclopedia)Lurçat, Jean zhäN lürsăˈ [key], 1892–1966, French artist and writer. Lurçat worked as a painter and lithographer, illustrating numerous books. He is best known, however, as a tapestry designer...

Kastler, Alfred

(Encyclopedia)Kastler, Alfred, 1902–84, German-born French physicist, Ph.D. Univ. of Bordeaux, 1936. Kastler was a lecturer at Clermont-Ferrand Univ. (1936–38), professor at the Univ. of Bordeaux (1938–41), p...

Hermite, Charles

(Encyclopedia)Hermite, Charles shärl ĕrmētˈ [key], 1822–1901, French mathematician. A professor at the École polytechnique, Paris (1869–76), and at the Faculty of Sciences (1869–97), he exerted a strong ...

Anquetil, Jacques

(Encyclopedia)Anquetil, Jacques zhäk äNkətēlˈ [key], 1934–87, French bicycle racer, b. Mont-Saint-Aignan, Normandy. Beginning to race in 1951, he won the French amateur championship a year later. Anquetil wa...

Guyton de Morveau, Louis Bernard, Baron

(Encyclopedia)Guyton de Morveau, Louis Bernard, Baron lwē bĕrnärˈ bärôNˈ gētôNˈ də môrvōˈ [key], 1737–1816, French chemist and lawyer. He wrote the chemical section of the Encyclopédie méthodique ...

Gossec, François Joseph

(Encyclopedia)Gossec, François Joseph fräNswäˈ zhôzĕfˈ gôsĕkˈ [key], 1734–1829, Belgian composer; pupil of Rameau. In 1784 he organized the École Royale de Chant and taught (1795–1816) composition at...

Grouchy, Emmanuel, marquis de

(Encyclopedia)Grouchy, Emmanuel, marquis de ĕmänüĕlˈ märkēˈ də gro͞oshēˈ [key], 1766–1847, French general in the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic wars. He was made a marshal after Napoleon's return...

chowder

(Encyclopedia)chowder, stew of fish or shellfish with potatoes, onions, and pork (usually salt pork), thickened with crumbled hard bread. The name chowder seems to have originated from the French word chaudière (a...