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Ipiranga

(Encyclopedia)Ipiranga ēpērängˈgə [key], stream flowing near the city of São Paulo, Brazil. On its banks the regent Pedro (later Emperor Pedro I) issued the Grito do Ipiranga, the declaration of the independe...

Bonifácio, José

(Encyclopedia)Bonifácio, José zho͞ozāˈ bônēfäˈsēō [key], 1763–1838, Brazilian statesman and scientist. He studied in Europe and gained international fame as a geologist before returning (1819) to Brazi...

Maria II

(Encyclopedia)Maria II (Maria da Glória), 1819–53, queen of Portugal (1834–53), daughter of Peter IV (Pedro I of Brazil). Pedro, having succeeded to the Portuguese throne on the death (1826) of his father, Joh...

John VI, king of Portugal

(Encyclopedia)John VI, 1769–1826, king of Portugal (1816–26), son of Maria I and Peter III. When his mother became insane, John assumed the reins of government (1792), although he did not formally become regent...

Osuna, Pedro Téllez Girón, duque de

(Encyclopedia)Osuna, Pedro Téllez Girón, duque de pāˈᵺrō tāˈlyāth hērōnˈ do͞oˈkā ᵺā ōso͞oˈnä [key], 1579–1624, Spanish general and administrator. As viceroy of Sicily (1611–16) and of Nap...

Campomanes, Pedro Rodríguez de, conde de Campomanes

(Encyclopedia)Campomanes, Pedro Rodríguez de, conde de Campomanes pāˈᵺrō rôᵺrēˈgāth kōnˈdā dā kämpōmäˈnās [key], 1723–1802, Spanish statesman, economist, and author. As president of the counc...

Nonius, Petrus

(Encyclopedia)Nonius, Petrus: see Nunes, Pedro. ...

Pedrarias

(Encyclopedia)Pedrarias: see Arias de Ávila, Pedro. ...

Dávila, Pedrarias

(Encyclopedia)Dávila, Pedrarias: see Arias de Ávila, Pedro. ...

Benedict XIII

(Encyclopedia)Benedict XIII, antipope: see Luna, Pedro de. ...