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Ferdinand I, king of Aragón and Sicily

(Encyclopedia)Ferdinand I, 1379?–1416, king of Aragón and Sicily and count of Barcelona (1412–16), second son of John I of Castile; nephew and successor of Martin of Aragón. In 1406, Ferdinand became regent o...

Negro, Río, river, Colombia, Venezuela, and Brazil

(Encyclopedia)Negro, Río rēˈō nāˈgrō [key], river, c.1,400 mi (2,250 km) long, rising as the Guainía River in E Colombia where it flows NE before turning south to form part of the Colombia-Venezuela border....

Oraibi

(Encyclopedia)Oraibi ōrīˈbē [key], pueblo, N Ariz., on a mesa N of Winslow. It was built c.1150 and was discovered in 1540 by Pedro de Tovar, a lieutenant of Coronado. The mission of San Francisco, established ...

Ayolas, Juan de

(Encyclopedia)Ayolas, Juan de hwän dā äyōˈläs [key], d. 1537?, Spanish conquistador, explorer of the Río de la Plata country. He accompanied Pedro de Mendoza on his expedition of 1535–36. Sent to look for ...

Caupolicán

(Encyclopedia)Caupolicán kouˌpōlĭkänˈ [key], d. 1558, leader of the Araucanians who fiercely resisted the Spanish conquest of Chile. He attempted to carry on the reconquest begun by Lautaro and won a victory ...

Saavedra Lamas, Carlos

(Encyclopedia)Saavedra Lamas, Carlos kärˈlōs sävāˈᵺrä läˈmäs [key], 1880–1959, Argentine statesman, foreign minister (1932–38). An advocate of Pan-Americanism and of the League of Nations (he was pr...

Díaz del Castillo, Bernal

(Encyclopedia)Díaz del Castillo, Bernal bārnälˈ dēˈäth dĕl kästēˈlyō [key], c.1492–1581, Spanish conquistador and chronicler. He had served in the New World under various commanders—Pedro Arias de �...

Espíritu Santo

(Encyclopedia)Espíritu Santo ĕspēˈrēto͞o sänˈtō [key] or Santo, volcanic island, 1,485 sq mi (3,846 sq km), South Pacific, largest and westernmost island of Vanuatu (formerly New Hebrides). Generally mount...

Hernández Colón, Rafael

(Encyclopedia)Hernández Colón, Rafael räfäĕlˈ ĕrnänˈdĕs kōlōnˈ [key], 1936–2019, governor of Puerto Rico (1973–77, 1985–93). An honors graduate of Johns Hopkins (1956) and the Univ. of Puerto Ric...

Fort Caroline

(Encyclopedia)Fort Caroline, settlement near the mouth of the St. Johns River, NE Fla.; est. 1564 by French Huguenots under René de Laudonnière. A Spanish force led by Pedro Menéndez de Avilés attacked the fort...