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Penn, John, 1740?–1788, political leader in the American Revolution

(Encyclopedia)Penn, John, 1740?–1788, political leader in the American Revolution, signer of the Declaration of Independence, b. Caroline co., Va. A lawyer, Penn moved (1774) to North Carolina and was (1775–77,...

Quincy, Josiah, 1744–75, political leader in the American Revolution

(Encyclopedia)Quincy, Josiah kwĭnˈzē [key], 1744–75, political leader in the American Revolution, b. Boston. An outstanding lawyer, he wrote a series of anonymous articles for the Boston Gazette in which he op...

Burnet, William, 1730–91, political leader in the American Revolution

(Encyclopedia)Burnet, William, 1730–91, political leader in the American Revolution, b. near the present Elizabeth, N.J.; father of David G. Burnet. A physician practicing in Newark, Burnet was chairman of the Re...

Hoover Institution on War, Revolution, and Peace

(Encyclopedia)Hoover Institution on War, Revolution, and Peace, at Stanford, Calif. It was established in 1919 as the Hoover War Library by Herbert Hoover to extend his collection of documents of World War I, but i...

Van Tyne, Claude Halstead

(Encyclopedia)Van Tyne, Claude Halstead, 1869–1930, American historian, b. Tecumseh, Mich. An assistant professor at the Univ. of Michigan (1903–6) and a professor there from 1906 to his death, he became head o...

Chaykovsky, Nikolai Vasilyevich

(Encyclopedia)Chaykovsky, Nikolai Vasilyevich nyĭkəlīˈ vəsēˈlyəvĭch chīkôfˈskē [key], 1850–1926, Russian socialist. As a student in St. Petersburg he joined (1869) a utopian socialist student group (...

Litvinov, Maxim Maximovich

(Encyclopedia)Litvinov, Maxim Maximovich məksyēmˈ mäksēˈməvĭch lyĭtvēˈnəf [key], 1876–1951, Russian revolutionary and Soviet diplomat. A Jew, he changed his name from Wallach after joining the Social ...

Zinoviev, Grigori Evseyevich

(Encyclopedia)Zinoviev, Grigori Evseyevich grĭgôˈrē yĭfsyāˈəvĭch zēnôˈvēĕf [key], 1883–1936, Soviet Communist leader, originally named Radomyslsky. He joined the Russian Social Democratic Labor part...

Bunin, Ivan Alekseyevich

(Encyclopedia)Bunin, Ivan Alekseyevich bo͞oˈnĭn, Rus. ēvänˈ əlyĭksyāˈyəvĭch bo͞oˈnyĭn [key], 1870–1953, Russian writer. Born of a poor aristocratic family, he was encouraged in his literary precoci...

Trotsky, Leon

(Encyclopedia)Trotsky, Leon trŏtˈskē, Rus. lāˈən trôtˈskē [key], 1879–1940, Russian Communist revolutionary, one of the principal leaders in the establishment of the USSR; his original name was Lev David...