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Gregorovius, Ferdinand

(Encyclopedia)Gregorovius, Ferdinand grĕgərōˈvēəs, Ger. fĕrˈdēnänt grāˌgōrōˈvēo͝os [key], 1821–91, German historian. He spent many years in Rome, where he produced his authoritative History of th...

Fyt, Jan

(Encyclopedia)Fyt, Jan yän fīt [key], 1611–61, Flemish animal and still-life painter and etcher. A pupil of Frans Snyders, Fyt spent 10 years in France and Italy. Returning to Antwerp in 1641, he enjoyed consid...

Gárdonyi, Géza

(Encyclopedia)Gárdonyi, Géza gāˈzə gärˈdōnyē [key], 1863–1922, Hungarian writer. Gárdonyi first attracted attention with a cycle of satirical novels about peasant life. His works include the play Wine (...

Nicholas II, pope

(Encyclopedia)Nicholas II (c.1010–61), pope (1058–61), a Roman named Gerard, b. Lorraine, France; successor to Pope Stephen IX. A strong proponent of papal reform, he issued (1059) the Papal Election Decree in ...

Notker Balbulus

(Encyclopedia)Notker Balbulus nōtˈkər bălˈbyo͝oləs [key], c.840–912, German monk and scholar, abbot of St. Gall (from 890). He composed liturgical poetry and music. Notker's life of Charlemagne preserves m...

Marengo

(Encyclopedia)Marengo märĕngˈgō [key], village, Piedmont, NW Italy, near Alessandria. It was the site of a famous battle (June 14, 1800) between the French under Napoleon Bonaparte and the Austrians under Melas...

Levita, Elijah

(Encyclopedia)Levita, Elijah ēlīˈjə lēvīˈtə [key] (Elya Bokher), c.1468–1549, German philologist, grammarian, and lexicographer who wrote in Hebrew. He spent most of his life in Italy, teaching Christian ...

Wappers, Gustave, Baron

(Encyclopedia)Wappers, Gustave, Baron güstävˈ bärôNˈ väpĕrsˈ, väpˈərs [key], 1803–74, Belgian historical and genre painter. For many years director of the Antwerp Academy, he introduced the romantic s...

Adams, Charles Francis, 1866–1954, U.S. Secretary of the Navy

(Encyclopedia)Adams, Charles Francis, 1866–1954, U.S. Secretary of the Navy (1929–33), b. Quincy, Mass.; grandson of Charles Francis Adams (1807–86). He practiced law for a brief period in Boston but for most...

Thompson, William T.

(Encyclopedia)Thompson, William T., 1812–82, American humorist and editor, b. Ravenna, Ohio. He was founder and editor of the Savannah Morning News, which became one of the most prominent newspapers in Georgia. I...