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Twain, Mark

(Encyclopedia)Twain, Mark, pseud. of Samuel Langhorne Clemens, 1835–1910, American author, b. Florida, Mo. As humorist, narrator, and social observer, Twain is unsurpassed in American literature. His novel The Ad...

Hemingway, Ernest

(Encyclopedia)Hemingway, Ernest, 1899–1961, American novelist and short-story writer, b. Oak Park, Ill. one of the great American writers of the 20th cent. Hemingway's fiction usually focuses on people living ...

Ebner-Eschenbach, Marie, Baronin von

(Encyclopedia)Ebner-Eschenbach, Marie, Baronin von märēˈ bärōˈnĭn fən ābˈnər-ĕshˈənbäkh [key], 1830–1916, Austrian writer. She began writing lyrics and plays with small success, but in middle age a...

Cronin, A. J.

(Encyclopedia)Cronin, A. J. (Archibald Joseph Cronin) krōˈnĭn [key], 1896–1981, Scottish novelist. He gave up his prosperous London medical practice to devote himself to writing after the success of his first ...

Hurtado de Mendoza, Diego

(Encyclopedia)Hurtado de Mendoza, Diego dyāˈgō o͞ortäˈdhō dā māndōˈthä [key], 1503—75, Spanish poet, historian, and statesman, b. Granada. An ambassador of Charles V to England and Venice and at the C...

Howe, Edgar Watson

(Encyclopedia)Howe, Edgar Watson, 1853–1937, American editor and author, b. Treaty, near Wabash, Ind. From 1877 to 1911 he was editor and proprietor of the Atchison, Kans., Daily Globe, and in 1911 he established...

Andrade, Mário de

(Encyclopedia)Andrade, Mário de ändräˈthā [key], 1893–1945, Brazilian author. Through his fiction, poetry, and wide-ranging essays, Andrade became a leading representative of Brazilian modernismo. Macunaíma...

Grimmelshausen, Hans Jakob Christoffel von

(Encyclopedia)Grimmelshausen, Hans Jakob Christoffel von häns yäˈkôp krĭsˈtôfəl fən grĭmˈəlshouˌzən [key], 1625–76, German novelist. Impressed into the Thirty Years War at the age of 10, he educated...

Atherton, Gertrude Franklin (Horn)

(Encyclopedia)Atherton, Gertrude Franklin (Horn) ăthˈərtən [key], 1857–1948, American writer, b. San Francisco. She wrote a series of historical novels about California, which include The Californians (1898),...

Mármol, José

(Encyclopedia)Mármol, José hōsāˈ märˈmôl [key], 1817–71, Argentine writer of the romantic school. His invectives against Juan Manuel de Rosas earned him the nickname “the poetic hangman of Rosas.” He ...